Age Universal Religious Orientation Scale Urdu (AUROS)
This study utilizes the Age Universal Religious Orientation Scale (AUROS) developed by Naidu et al. (2017) as the primary tool for assessing religious orientation among participants. The selection of AUROS is justified due to its established strengths in measuring this construct across diverse populations.
Validation and Psychometric Properties:
The AUROS scale underwent a rigorous validation process involving item selection, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). This multi-step approach ensures the scale captures the intended construct (religious orientation) with a high degree of accuracy.
Sub-scales and Their Focus:
AUROS is comprised of four distinct sub-scales, each addressing a specific facet of religious orientation:
- Intrinsic Religious Orientation: This sub-scale measures the degree to which religious beliefs are integrated into an individual’s core identity and sense of self.
- Extrinsic-Personal Religious Orientation: This sub-scale assesses the extent to which religious involvement and commitment are motivated by personal goals and well-being.
- Extrinsic-Social Religious Orientation: This facet focuses on the influence of social factors like community and tradition on religious practices.
- Quest Religious Orientation: This sub-scale captures a person’s openness to questioning, seeking, and intellectual exploration within the realm of religion.
Internal Consistency and Reliability:
The internal consistency of the AUROS scale employed in this study demonstrates strong reliability. Cronbach’s alpha values for each sub-scale range from 0.80 to 0.89, exceeding the recommended threshold for social science research. This indicates that the items within each sub-scale are internally consistent and reliably measure the intended aspects of religious orientation
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