Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Urdu (MMPI)
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Urdu (MMPI-U) serves as an adaptation of the renowned MMPI to the Urdu-speaking population. This adaptation was made to cater to the cultural and linguistic nuances of Urdu speakers, primarily in South Asia, where Urdu is predominantly spoken. The Urdu version was developed to ensure that the instrument’s psychometric properties remain robust while addressing the specific needs and characteristics of the Urdu-speaking demographic.
Description
DescriptionThe MMPI-U is a comprehensive psychological assessment tool that provides a quantitative measurement of an individual’s personality traits, emotional adjustment, and behavioral tendencies. Structured as a standardized questionnaire, it employs a dichotomous response format, where respondents answer with “yes” or “no” to a series of statements.
Scales
Similar to the original MMPI, the MMPI-U comprises a set of clinical scales that measure various personality dimensions and psychopathological tendencies. These scales include:
- Hypochondriasis (Hs): Assesses concerns with illness, egocentricity, and pessimism.
- Depression (D): Measures feelings of sadness, apathy, and physical slowness.
- Hysteria (Hy): Identifies individuals with psychogenic motor or sensory disorders.
- Psychopathic Deviate (Pd): Gauges social adjustment and potential antisocial behaviors.
- Masculinity-Femininity (Mf): Explores gender identity and homosexual feelings.
- Paranoia (Pa): Detects paranoid states or conditions.
- Psychasthenia (Pt): Assesses obsessive-compulsive tendencies and anxiety.
- Schizophrenia (Sc): Identifies schizophrenic or schizophrenic-like conditions.
- Hypomania (Ma): Measures symptoms of hypomania, such as euphoria and irritability.
- Social Introversion (Si): Evaluates introversion-extraversion tendencies.
Additionally, the MMPI-U includes content scales that delve into specific psychological constructs like anxiety, depression, obsessions, and social discomfort, among others.
Administration and Scoring
The MMPI-U can be administered either individually or in group settings, with an administration time ranging from 1 to 1.5 hours. Its computerized version is available for efficient administration and scoring. Qualified professionals are recommended for interpreting the results. The test is suitable for individuals aged 16 and above, with at least six years of schooling. The administration can be segmented into shorter sessions if needed.
Reliability and Validity
The Urdu version of MMPI has demonstrated satisfactory reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from .59 to .86, as reported by Mirza (1977). This underscores its consistency in measuring psychological constructs within the Urdu-speaking population.
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