Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)
The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief, reliable and valid screening questionnaire designed to identify children and adolescents aged 3-16 years with emotional, conduct, hyperactivity or peer problems (Goodman, 1997). The SDQ has 25 items and consists of five subscales, each with five items. The subscales are emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, and prosocial behavior. The SDQ has parent, teacher, and self-report versions.
Several studies have assessed the psychometric properties of the SDQ and have suggested that it is a reliable and valid measure for assessing child and adolescent behavioral and emotional problems. For instance, various studies reported the internal consistency of the subscales to range from 0.55 to 0.88 (Goodman, 2001; Van Roy et al., 2008). Additionally, test-retest reliability has been found to be satisfactory, with intraclass coefficients ranging from 0.55 to 0.86 (Muris et al., 2003; Van Widenfelt et al., 2005). The SDQ also has good concurrent and predictive validity with respect to related measures, such as the Child Behavior Checklist and diagnostic assessments (Goodman, 1997). Furthermore, the SDQ has been shown to be sensitive to treatment-related change in several studies (e.g., Koskelainen et al., 2010).
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