Parental Acceptance – Rejection Questionnaire for Mother Urdu
The Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) for mothers has been developed as a measure of the quality of child-rearing practices of mothers. This tool assesses the extent to which children perceive that their mothers are accepting or rejecting towards them. The Urdu version of the PARQ (UV-PARQ) has been developed and validated for use in Pakistani culture.
The PARQ consists of 50 items selected with respect to theoretical and empirical criteria. To develop the UV-PARQ, the original questionnaire in English was translated and rigorously checked for its comprehensibility, accuracy, and conceptual equivalence with the original. A pilot study was conducted to pretest the items of the UV-PARQ. The survey was given to a sample of 100 mothers, and their feedback was obtained concerning the clarity of each item, resulting in modifications to improve the readability and clarity of the questionnaire.
To test the psychometric properties of the UV-PARQ, the researchers conducted a study using a sample of 410 mothers from the Punjab region of Pakistan. The mothers completed the UV-PARQ and various other psychometric measures, including the Child Abuse Scale (CAS), the Index of Family Relations (IFR), and the Paternal Authoritarian Scale (PAS) for additional validity assessment.
The results indicated that the UV-PARQ had good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = .91) and construct validity. Five dimensions emerged from the factor analysis as underlying factors of the UV-PARQ: (1) warmth-affection, (2) hostility-rejection, (3) indifference-neglect, (4) undifferentiated parents, and (5) positive discipline. The dimensions were similar to those found in previous studies on the PARQ in different cultures. The correlations between the UV-PARQ and other psychometric measures provided additional support for the discriminant validity of the scale.
The reliability and validity findings of the UV-PARQ make it a valuable tool for researchers interested in examining the quality of mother-child interactions in the Pakistani context. The UV-PARQ is culturally appropriate and appears to have good internal consistency reliability and construct validity. The dimensions that emerged from the factor analysis provide valuable information regarding maternal attitudes and child-rearing practices in the Pakistani context and will aid researchers in comparing these findings to those obtained in other cultural contexts.
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