Quest Religious Orientation Scale Urdu The Quest Religious Orientation Scale is a measure designed to gauge individual’s religious inquisitiveness or curiosity, striving for spiritual understanding, and with their openness to doubt and ambiguity. Developed by Batson and Schoenrade (1991), Quest was created to capture the subjective experience of religiousness that emerges outside of organized religious … Read more
Muslim Attitude Towards Religion Scale The Muslim Attitude Towards Religion Scale (MARS) is a research tool utilized to measure Muslim adherents’ attitudes and perceptions about religion and religious practices. The scale employs a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree,” to rate participants’ responses to each question. The MARS assesses multiple dimensions … Read more
Quest Religious Orientation Scale The Quest Religious Orientation Scale is a measure designed to gauge individual’s religious inquisitiveness or curiosity, striving for spiritual understanding, and with their openness to doubt and ambiguity. Developed by Batson and Schoenrade (1991), Quest was created to capture the subjective experience of religiousness that emerges outside of organized religious settings. … Read more
Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale Urdu The Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale (I/E-R Scale), developed by Allport and Ross (1967), stands as a foundational instrument within the psychology of religion. Its widespread use stems from its ability to effectively assess a person’s religious orientation through the lens of motivation and behavior. Structure and Sub-scales: The I/E-R Scale … Read more
Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale The Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale (I/E-R Scale) is one of the most widely used measures for assessing religious orientation. The scale, developed by Allport and Ross in 1967, consists of 23 items that assess a person’s religious motivation and behavior. The scale is divided into two sub-scales: intrinsic religious motivation and … Read more
Age Universal Religious Orientation Scale Urdu (AUROS) This study utilizes the Age Universal Religious Orientation Scale (AUROS) developed by Naidu et al. (2017) as the primary tool for assessing religious orientation among participants. The selection of AUROS is justified due to its established strengths in measuring this construct across diverse populations. Validation and Psychometric Properties: … Read more
Age Universal Religious Orientation Scale (AUROS) The Age Universal Religious Orientation Scale (AUROS) used in this study is an appropriate and reliable tool for assessing religious orientation across different age groups and cultures. The scale, developed by Naidu et al. in 2017, has been validated through a rigorous process of item selection, exploratory factor analysis, … Read more
Civilian Mississippi Scale The Civilian Mississippi Scale (CMS) is a self-report scale developed to assess the level of exposure to traumatic events in civilians. It was introduced by King, Leskin, and King in 1997. The CMS is designed to measure exposure to different types of traumatic events, including war, sexual assault, and natural disasters. The … Read more
Geriatric Depression Scale The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a screening tool developed to assess depression in the elderly population. It was originally developed by Yesavage et al. in 1982, and an abbreviated version of the scale is widely used in clinical practice. The GDS consists of a series of questions, and the responses are … Read more
Impact of Event Scale The Impact of Event Scale (IES) is a questionnaire designed to assess the psychological response to traumatic events. Its original version was introduced by Horowitz, Wilner, and Alvarez in 1979. The scale consists of 15 items that measure the intensity of intrusive and avoidant symptoms experienced by individuals following a traumatic … Read more