Parental Authority Questionnaire Urdu (Paternal and Moternal)

Parental Authority Questionnaire Urdu (Paternal and Moternal)

The Parental Authority Questionnaire Urdu (PAQ) is a widely used psychological tool that measures parents’ attitudes towards their children, as reflected in their perceptions of parental authority (Buri, 1991). PAQ assesses three different forms of parenting styles, namely authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. The questionnaire consists of 30 items, rated on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree.”

Parental Authority Questionnaire Urdu (Paternal and Moternal)
Parental Authority Questionnaire Urdu (Paternal and Moternal)

Research has shown that PAQ has good reliability, with internal consistency coefficients ranging from .60 to .96, as measured by Cronbach’s alpha (Buri, 1991; Simons et al., 1998). Studies have shown that the validity of PAQ is also well supported, particularly in relation to parents’ disciplinary actions and child outcomes (Buri, 1991; Simons et al., 1998). PAQ scores have been found to be negatively correlated with maladaptive child outcomes, such as externalizing behavior problems (Maguin & Loeber, 1996).

PAQ also demonstrates construct validity, demonstrating correlations with other parenting scales, such as the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and Baumrind Parenting Style Questionnaire. as well as relevant maternal variables, such as maternal stress and parenting self-efficacy (Holden & Buck, 2002; Wang & Kenny, 2014). However, researchers have noted that PAQ may have low predictive validity in relation to child outcomes when applied cross-culturally, as parental perceptions of what constitutes appropriate parental authority may differ across cultures (Hess & Holloway, 1984).

In conclusion, the Parental Authority Questionnaire is a well-established tool for understanding parental attitudes toward their children and their perceptions of parental authority. The questionnaire has demonstrated good reliability, construct validity, and significant correlation with maladaptive child outcomes. Nonetheless, researchers have suggested caution in cross-cultural applications of the questionnaire. Overall, the PAQ remains a critical tool in parenting research, offering researchers and practitioners with ways to assess different types of parenting styles.

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